【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

★beggar  n. 乞丐

beg v.乞求

I beg your pardon?

ask for :请求得到

beg for :乞求得到

★food  n. 食物　不可数

a lot of food

★pocket  n. 衣服口袋

inner pocket:内口袋

jacket pocket : 夹克的口袋

coat pocket : 大衣口袋

pocket book:袖珍书

pocket dictionary:袖珍词典

pocket money : (小孩)零花钱

change:零钱

get exact change : 准备好正确的零花钱

beer money:(男孩)零花钱

pocket pick:车上的小偷

★call  v. 拜访, 光顾

visit

call sb:给某人打电话

call up sb:给某人打电话

call back:回某人电话

Can you take a message for me?

Can you tell him to call back?

call on sb　拜访某人

call at,at一般和地点相连

call at+地点＝visit someplace　拜访某地

I will call on you.

I will call at your home.

call out =shout,大声喊

call in sb:招集和邀请某人

For the project,the government called in a lot of experts.

【Text】

Lesson 6  Percy Buttons  珀西·巴顿斯

First listen and then answer the question. 听录音, 然后回答以下问题.

Who is Percy Buttons?

I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.

参考译文

    我刚刚搬进了大桥街的一所房子. 昨天一个乞丐来敲我的门, 问我要一顿饭和一杯啤酒. 作为回报, 那乞丐头顶地倒立起来, 嘴里还唱着歌. 我给了他一顿饭. 他把食物吃完, 又喝了酒. 然后把一块乳酪装进衣袋里走了. 后来, 一位邻居告诉了我他的情况. 大家都认识他, 他叫珀西.巴顿斯. 他每月对这条街上的每户人家光顾一次, 总是请求给他一顿饭和一杯啤酒.

【课文讲解】

move to :搬到

knock at:敲

knock at the door

knock at the window

beer[bIE(r)];bear[bZE]   注意读音

ask sb for sth:问某人要什么东西; request for

for;为了这个目的去请求某人, sb更多的时候不出现, ask for sth

The boy asked (his parents省略)for money again/once more.

in return for this : 作为对什么的回报

in return:作为回报

He doesn't want anything in return.他不想得到任何回报

hospitality:热情

I'll buy a present for him in return for hospitality.

this 在代词当中常常指代上文的一件事情

stood on his head : 倒立

stand on one's hands:用手着地(hand单数就是一只手, 双手复数)

跪着, 膝盖 : knees : stand on one's knees

躺着, 躺 : lie : lie in bed

lie on one's back:仰面躺着

lie on one's side:侧躺

lie on one's stomach : 趴着

give him a meal

go away

later : 后来

tell sb about sth,about:关于, 通过其他事自己得出结论, tell you about him

tell sb sth:告诉某人某件事(把事情直接告诉), tell you the news

tell you the word

tell you about the word

everybody作为主语一定作单数看待, 属于不定代词

所有的不定代词作为主语一律为单数看待 : somebody anybody everything等

calls at every house

in the street英国写/on the street美国写

once a month:一个月一次, 单位表达方式

a.表示每月一次, 计量单位 “/”

five kilometers an hour

ask for,是ask sb for sth的省略

Percy Buttons? a beggar

He calls at every house in the street once a month and asks for a meal and a glass of bear

【Key structures】　关键句型

a,the和some

a:单数, 可数名词

the:可加单数/复数, 还可加不可数名词, 加在什么名词前面都对

some:只能加在不可数名词的前面或可数名词复数的前面

a和the的区别

a是泛指, a man;特指, the man

在文章当中第一次出现名词的时候往往用a和an修饰, 第二次出现的时候用the

在表示一种笼统概念的陈述句中可以省略a和some

Yesterday I bought a book,Books are not very expensive.

笼统概念 : 某某一类/一种东西

I have just drunk a glass of milk ,Milk is  very refreshing.

I ate an apple./Apples are delicious.

I like oranges.Would you like some oranges?

Mrs.Jones bought a bag of flour,a bag of sugar,and some tea.

She always buys flour,sugar and tea at the grocer's

a和the

A man is walking towards me.The man is carrying a parcel.The parcel

is full of meat.

Names

We cannot put a or the in front of names

表示某某一类人当中, 具有这种特征当中的一个, a Mr.zhang

【Special Difficulties】 难点

某些动词的后面加上介词或副词以后就会改变词义, 这种新的组合称作短语动词

put:放, put on

take:拿走, take off

look:看, look at:看, look for:寻找, look afrer:照顾, look out:当心

call : call at,call on,call in ,call back,call for(a.去取某物, 去接某人b.需要 : The problem calls for immediate action 这个问题需要立即采取行动)

knock : knock at:敲, knock off,knock over,knock out

knock off:下班, He knocked off earlier.

knock sth off+地点, knock the vase off the table

knock off:打折, knock 10% off the price.

knock over,A car knocked the boy over.

如果有地点, off; 无地点, over,I knocked the boy off the bicycle.

Exercises  A

1  He did not know how to fight, but he knocked the boxer ______ .

2  This flowerpot is broken, Who knocked it ______ ?

3  I knocked ______ early yesterday and went to a football match.

4  Listen! Someone is knocking ______ the window!

1...out...

knock out :打晕, boxer:拳击手

在拳击场合中, 把人打倒在地叫knock out(专用术语)

2...over...

无地点

3...off...

4...at...

Exercises  B

1  The old lady hit the thief over the head with a candlestick and now he is unconscious.

2  At what time do you finish work every day?

3  The shopkeeper reduced the price of all his goods by 20%.

1  knock out 2  knock off 3  knock 10% off the price of all the goods

【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

5  A neighbour told me about him. He ______ Percy Buttons was a beggar.

a.told b.said me c.told to me d.said

5...D...

say说/tell告诉

He says + 句子; He says+that+句子; say to sb.

tell sb.+句子 : tell sb.+that+句子

He said to me/he told me

Percy Buttons 作为从句的主语

一个简单句只有一个主语一个动词

He told me Percy Bottons was a Beggar.

6  Everybody knows him ______ know him.

a.They all b.Each c.Every d.All they

they all(对)/all they(错)

all of us/all of them

我们所有人　all of us,we all

each/every 每一个

each:强调个体; every 强调整体

every adj.+n. 每一个(书, 本, 人等)

each adj.&pron.:each adj.+n;  each pron.直接作主语或者宾语

every person likes...

each person likes.../each likes...

every 不能做主语; each 强调个体, 使用第三人称单数

7  ______ does he call? Once a month.

a.How seldom b.How long c.How soon d.How often

once a month:每月一次, 属于频率

对频率提问 : how often

提问多久 : how long

提问次数 : how many times

How many times do you visit your mother each month?

How long do you visit your mother?对时间提问

How often do you visit your mother?对时间和次数提问

How soon 多久以后

How soon will you finish your homework?

8  A beggar is a person who ______ .

a.asks for money but doesn't work b.asks for food

c.works hard d.is out of work

out of work 失业

I am out of work,/I lose my job.

10  She gave him a piece of cheese. He put the ______ of cheese in his pocket.

a.bit b.bar c.block d.packet

10...A...

piece of:a piece of cheese 一块奶酪

bit : a bit of /a piece of 在英文中经常互用

bar: a bar of chocolate---一块巧克力

bar 门闩 : 长条状 : a bar of chocolate;　a bar of soap

block 块, 一大块: block v.堵塞; block n.房子

packet:一包

a piece of.../a bit of...

12  All the houses in our ______ are the same age and size.

a.street b.way c.road d.route

12...A...

same age and size 同年代同样式

street 两边有房子的街道, 强调城市里的街道

way, on the way,in the way 挡住某人的路(强调方向)

road 路的通称 : road home 通往家的路 (张艺谋的影片《我的父亲母亲》的英文名)

route 路线

〖语法精粹〗

1.How can you___b____if you are not ____?

A.listening/hearing

B.hear/listening

C.be listening/hear

D.be hearing/listening to

listen听/hear听见

如果你不听, 怎么可能听见呢?

be　不能加动词原形; be+ -ed/-ing

can+动词原形

2.The girl even won't have her lunch before she__D__her homework.

A.will finish

B.is finishing

C.had finished

D.finishes

won't=will not

状语从句中, 用一般现在时取代将来时.

3.Those who have applied for the post__A__in the office.(此题超前)

A.are being interviewed  B.are interviewing

C.interviewing (光动词+ing不能构成谓语)  D.to be interviewing (不定式不能构成谓语动词)

apply for 申请

who 在名词后面, 引导定语从句

interview 面试

从句(have applied for)现在完成时, 主句缺少谓语动词

A.are being interviewed　被动

B.are interviewing　　　 主动

在英文中, 只能领导对员工面试, 员工只能被面试

4.The old scientist __C___to do more for the country.

A.is wishing  B.has been wishing.  C.wishes

D.has been wished  从语法上说合理, 但不合情

scientist 科学家; wish 希望

表示状态、感觉、情绪、精神活动的动词不可用于进行时态.

wish sb.to do

5.If he___B___,don't wake him up.

A.still sleeps  B.is still sleeping  C.still had been sleeping  D.will be sleeping still

if——一般用一般现在式

如果他在睡觉的话, 不要吵醒他

关于时态的把握 : 1.关键词2.上下文3.潜在含义

now　现在进行时

often,always 一般现在时

just,already 现在完成时

last week,last summer...一般过去时

摘自可可听力网